"Bong da hien dai, noi nhung y do chien thuat duoc mai giua den tung chi tiet, luon la san khau thu hut nhung nguoi ham mo thuc thu. Trong so nhung huan luyen vien dang dinh hinh nen buc tranh chien thuat cua the ky 21, Mikel Arteta noi len nhu mot nha tu tuong tao bao, mot nguoi ke thua xung dang nhung di san vi dai nhung khong ngung tim kiem su dot pha. Goc nhin chien thuat cua Arteta tai Arsenal khong chi la mot tap hop cac so do, ma la ca mot triet ly song dong, dang dan bien Phao Thu tro lai thanh mot the the luc dang gom.



Nen Tang Chien Thuat: Ke Thua va Phat Trien



De hieu Arteta, chung ta phai nhin ve coi nguon. Kinh nghiem lam viec duoi truong Arsene Wenger, va quan trong hon ca la giai doan ""hoc nghe"" tai Manchester City cung Pep Guardiola, da khac sau vao tu duy cua ong. Arteta khong sao chep mot cach may moc, ma ong chat loc nhung tinh hoa cua loi choi kiem soat bong (Positional Play) va dieu chinh no cho phu hop voi nhan su hien co va dac trung cua Premier League.



Triet ly cot loi cua Arteta xoay quanh viec kiem soat khong gian va kiem soat nhip do tran dau. Day khong phai la kiem soat bong don thuan vi muc dich giu bong, ma la viec su dung bong de dinh vi cac cau thu vao nhung khu vuc chien luoc, tu do tao ra uu the ap dao ve mat quan so hoac vi tri khi tan cong.



Giai Doan Xay Dung: Su Linh Hoat Cua So Do



Mot trong nhung dac diem de nhan thay nhat trong chien thuat cua Arteta la su linh hoat ve so do. Du thuong xuyen duoc biet den voi he thong 4-3-3 hoac 4-2-3-1 khi trien khai bong, Arsenal duoi thoi Arteta hiem khi duy tri cau truc co dinh trong suot 90 phut.



Khi phong ngu hoac doi dau voi cac doi pressing tam cao, so do thuong chuyen hoa thanh mot cau truc phong ngu chat che hon, doi khi la 4-4-2 hoac 4-5-1, nham bao dam su can bang va giam thieu khoang trong trung lo – diem yeu co huu cua nhieu doi bong muon choi kiem soat.



Tuy nhien, diem nhan thuc su nam o giai doan luan chuyen bong. Du xuat phat diem la 4 hau ve, chung ta thuong thay mot trong hai hau ve bien dang cao de ho tro khu vuc giua san. Vi du, trong nhieu thoi diem, Oleksandr Zinchenko (hoac hau ve bien trai duoc yeu cau) se bo vao trung tam, bien doi hinh thanh mot dang 3-2-5 hoac 3-4-3 khi tan cong. Su dich chuyen nay giup tao ra mot ""so 6 ao"" hoac mot nguoi chuyen bong thu ba, gay nhieu loan he thong phong ngu cua doi phuong.



Vai Tro Cua Cac Vi Tri Chu Chot



Chien thuat cua Arteta doi hoi su hieu biet sau sac va kha nang thuc hien vai tro phi truyen thong tu cac cau thu:



1. Tien Ve So 6 (Pivot)



Day co le la vi tri doi hoi su thong minh chien thuat cao nhat. Nguoi choi o vai tro nay (thuong la Thomas Partey hoac Declan Rice) khong chi co nhiem vu thu hoi bong ma con la nguoi dieu tiet nhip do. Ho phai biet khi nao can giu bong cham lai de to chuc lai doi hinh, va khi nao can tung ra duong chuyen xe toang tuyen giua. Kha nang nhan biet khoang trong va di chuyen hop ly de tao duong chuyen thoat pressing la toi quan trong.



2. Tien Ve So 8 (Box-to-Box)



Cac tien ve trung tam dang cao hon (nhu Martin Ødegaard hay nhung nguoi thay the) co nhiem vu chinh la tan cong khong gian nua san (Half-Spaces). Day la cac khu vuc nam giua trung ve va hau ve bien cua doi phuong, la noi hiem yeu nhat de xuyen pha. Arteta yeu cau cac tien ve nay phai di chuyen khong ngung, tao ra cac tam giac phoi hop nhanh, thuong la ket hop voi tien dao canh bo vao trong hoac hau ve bien dang cao.



3. Tien Dao Canh va Tien Dao Trung Tam



Goc Chien Thuat - Su phoi hop giua Gabriel Martinelli/Bukayo Saka voi Gabriel Jesus (hoac Eddie Nketiah) la chia khoa cho cac pha xuyen pha bien. Cac tien dao canh khong chi bo vao trong de dut diem ma con co nhiem vu keo gian hang phong ngu doi phuong, tao dieu kien cho hau ve bien dang cao hoac cac tien ve so 8 xam nhap. Jesus thuong duoc yeu cau lien ket loi choi, lui sau nhan bong de keo trung ve doi phuong ra khoi vi tri, tu do mo ra khoang trong phia sau lung cho cac cau thu khac.



Pressing Tam Cao: Bay Doi Thu



Khi mat bong, Arsenal cua Arteta chuyen doi trang thai cuc ky nhanh chong, chuyen tu kiem soat sang phan cong phong ngu ngay lap tuc – hay con goi la Counter-pressing (Gegenpressing).



Muc tieu khong phai la doat lai bong ngay lap tuc, ma la gay ap luc toi da len nguoi cam bong cua doi phuong, buoc ho phai dua ra quyet dinh voi vang, dan den nhung duong chuyen sai dia chi. Vi tri cua cac cau thu sau khi mat bong duoc Arteta tinh toan rat ky luong de hinh thanh mot ""bay"" ngay o khu vuc 1/3 san doi phuong. Dieu nay giai thich tai sao Arsenal luon la mot trong nhung doi co so pha thu hoi bong o khu vuc nguy hiem cao nhat giai dau.



Tinh Ky Luat va Khat Vong Chien Thang



Goc chien thuat cua Arteta khong chi dung lai o so do va di chuyen. Dieu lam nen su khac biet lon nhat trong nhung nam gan day la su thiet lap lai van hoa va ky luat chien thuat. Moi cau thu, tu thu mon (nguoi thuong xuyen tham gia vao viec xay dung loi choi tu tuyen duoi) den tien dao, deu phai tuan thu chat che cac nguyen tac da dinh. Su thieu ky luat ca nhan tung la diem yeu chi mang, nay da duoc thay the bang mot khoi thong nhat, san sang chien dau va hy sinh vi he thong chung.



Mikel Arteta dang xay dung khong chi mot doi bong manh, ma la mot co may chien thuat co the thich ung voi nhieu doi thu khac nhau ma van giu duoc ban sac tan cong, kiem soat va day nang luong cua minh. Qua trinh nay con tiep dien, nhung nhung vien gach nen mong chien thuat da duoc dat xuong vo cung vung chac tai Emirates."



Xem them: Gegenpressing